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Rolex created the Oyster Perpetual Sea‑Dweller in 1967 to meet the challenge of prolonged underwater missions. Subsequently improved in close partnership with Comex (Compagnie Maritime d'Expertises) professionals, it is now waterproof to 1,220 metres (4,000 feet). The Sea‑Dweller is specifically designed for saturation diving. Thanks to its helium escape valve, it can withstand decompression on ascent and master the return to the surface – the final phase of deep-sea exploration..
In the 1960s, so-called “saturation” diving made it possible to remain at great depths for extended periods. It consists of housing divers in a pressurized habitat, so as to reproduce the pressure that prevails in their underwater working environment. This means that they need only undergo a single decompression process, at the very end of the mission.
This process can damage the watch. The divers breathe a mix of gases composed mainly of helium, whose extremely fine atoms can penetrate the case. On returning to the surface, the trapped helium can create a phenomenon of excess internal pressure liable to compromise the integrity of divers’ watches.
In order to overcome this problem, in 1967 Rolex introduced the Sea‑Dweller, a divers’ watch with a helium escape valve. This unique safety valve opens automatically when the internal pressure in the case is too high, allowing the helium atoms to escape.